Geotechnical engineers may encounter a variety of obstacles when constructing ground-floor foundations in regions with elevated water tables. If the soil is inundated with water due to high water levels, the slab may experience settling, uplift, and buckling. This article discusses the steps geotechnical engineers can take to resolve these issues while ensuring the stability and durability of ground-level structures in such circumstances.
To address the difficulties posed by high water tables, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive site evaluation. Identifying the soil type and its properties, such as unit weight (), coefficient of permeability (k), and compressibility (Cc), is required. Determine the water table level and any other geological or soil conditions that may effect the stability of the slab. To determine the most effective remediation strategy, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of all site conditions.
The next step, following a thorough site evaluation, is to determine the optimal ground floor foundation design. Utilising a deep foundation mechanism, such as pile foundations, to transfer loads from the slab to deeper soil strata that are less impacted by high water tables is one possible solution. Alternately, impermeable membranes or drainage systems could be installed to prevent water penetration into soils and the subsequent lowering or lifting of slabs.
Several variables, including the magnitude of the burden, the type of soil, and the water table level, affect the choice of an appropriate foundation system. In addition, the procedure for identifying suitable soil varieties, which must be stable, have minimal shrink-swell propensity, and be resistant to moisture-related changes, requires careful consideration. For optimal performance, it may also be necessary to import soil from alternative sources or to use additives and other stabilisation techniques for existing soils.
Construction of a ground-floor foundation necessitates extreme design and construction attention to detail. To ensure the stability of these slabs, the soil must be properly compacted, with close attention devoted to achieving both maximum dry density (dmax) and optimal moisture content (Wopt). The placement of reinforcing steel has substantial implications for the integrity of the structure. Effective measures should be taken during the construction process to ensure proper positioning, curing, and protection from destructive elements.
Regular monitoring of the performance of the ground floor foundation is essential and can be achieved through frequent inspections and constant observation for signs of settlement, heaving, or cracking. If issues are discovered, immediate action must be performed.
It is possible to overcome these obstacles and ensure the structure's stability and durability by instituting exhaustive site evaluations, careful selection of soil types, meticulous attention to design and construction details, and consistent monitoring of slab performance.
M. Azmir Abd Mutalib
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